It has eight scored questions, with the total test score providing a measure of the probability of developing type 2 diabetes over the following 10 years. The Finnish Type 2 Diabetes Risk Assessment Form, developed in 2001, is an example of an effective questionnaire that can be used as the basis for developing national questionnaires which take into account local factors. Know your risk of type 2 diabetesīrief questionnaires are simple, practical and inexpensive ways to quickly identify people who may be at a higher risk of type 2 diabetes and who need to have their level of risk further investigated. jogging, swimming, cycling) exercise and resistance training, as well as reducing the amount of time spent being inactive. It is most effective when it includes a combination of both aerobic (eg. Regular physical activity is essential to help keep blood glucose levels under control. fruit, vegetables, whole grains), and avoiding tobacco use, excessive alcohol and added sugar. avocado, nuts, olive and vegetable oils), eating dietary fibre (eg. cream, cheese, butter) with unsaturated fats (eg. A healthy diet includes reducing the amount of calories if you are overweight, replacing saturated fats (eg. Consistent evidence shows that type 2 diabetes can be prevented by relatively modest intentional weight loss, which can be achieved through healthy diet and regular physical activity. The most influential are lifestyle behaviours commonly associated with urbanisation. There are a number of factors that influence the development of type 2 diabetes. Sulfonylureas include gliclazide, glipizide, glimepiride, tolbutamide and glibenclamide. Sulfonylureas: stimulate the pancreas to increase insulin production.It is regarded as the first-line treatment for type 2 diabetes in most guidelines around the world. Metformin: reduces insulin resistance and allows the body to use its own insulin more effectively.The most commonly used oral medications for type 2 diabetes include: When oral medication is not sufficient to control blood glucose levels, people with type 2 diabetes may require insulin injections. If treatment with a single medication is not sufficient, combination therapy options may be prescribed. Over time, a healthy lifestyle may not be enough to keep blood glucose levels under control and people with type 2 diabetes may need to take oral medication. The cornerstone of managing type 2 diabetes is a healthy lifestyle, which includes a healthy diet, regular physical activity, not smoking, and maintaining a healthy body weight. These symptoms can be mild or absent and so people with type 2 diabetes may live several years with the condition before being diagnosed. Tingling or numbness in hands and feet.The symptoms of type 2 diabetes are similar to those for type 1 diabetes and include: *Impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) is a category of higher than normal blood glucose, but below the threshold for diagnosing diabetes.Ĭhanges in diet and physical activity related to rapid development and urbanisation have led to sharp increases in the numbers of people living with type 2 diabetes. Several risk factors have been associated with type 2 diabetes and include: Oral medication and insulin are also frequently prescribed to help control blood glucose levels. The cornerstone of type 2 diabetes management is a healthy diet, increased physical activity and maintaining a healthy body weight. Type 2 diabetes is most commonly diagnosed in older adults, but is increasingly seen in children, adolescents and younger adults due to rising levels of obesity, physical inactivity and poor diet. For some people with type 2 diabetes this can eventually exhaust the pancreas, resulting in the body producing less and less insulin, causing even higher blood sugar levels ( hyperglycaemia). Because insulin cannot work properly, blood glucose levels keep rising, releasing more insulin. It is generally characterized by insulin resistance, where the body does not fully respond to insulin. Type 2 diabetes is the most common type of diabetes, accounting for around 90% of all diabetes.
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